具有初始热变形的转子系统振动响应分析

航空发动机热起动时的温度分布不均会使转子产生初始热变形,进而引起发动机振动过大,甚至导致起动失败。针对此问题,以航空发动机中的典型转子为对象,根据初始热变形对转子振动的影响建立相应的动力学方程,并通过模态坐标变换分析初始热变形对转子系统振动响应的影响。结果表明,初始热变形相当于对转子作用了附加激励,包括转轴初始弯曲激励、附加不平衡激励和附加陀螺力矩激励,上述激励均与转速同步。其中,附加不平衡激励和附加陀螺力矩激励大小与转速有关,对转子通过各阶临界转速的振动响应均有较大影响;转轴初始弯曲激励大小与转速无关,主要影响低阶临界转速的振动响应。      

Towards a new level of safety

In 1998, motivated by the need to improve aviation safety procedures and regulations in order to keep pace with the steadily growing volume of air traffic, the Joint Aviation Authorities launched its Joint Safety Strategy Initiative. In this talk, the main features of that initiative and its constituent activities are described.     

Applications of structural efficiency assessment method on structural-mechanical characteristics integrated design in aero-engines

In the design process of advanced aero-engines, it is necessary to carry out an effective analysis method between structural features and mechanical characteristics for a better structural optimization. Based on the structural composition and functions of aero-engines, the concept and contents of structural efficiency can reflect the relation between structural features and mechanical characteristics. In order to achieve the integrated design of structural and mechanical characteristics, one quantitative analysis method called Structural Efficiency Assessment Method (SEAM) was put forward. The structural efficiency coefficient was obtained by synthesizing the parameters to quantitatively evaluate the aero-engine structure design level. Parameterization method to evaluate structural design quality was realized. After analyzing the structural features of an actual dual-rotor system in typical high bypass ratio turbofan engines, the mechanical characteristics and structural efficiency coefficient were calculated. Structural efficiency coefficient of high-pressure rotor (0.43) is higher than that of low-pressure rotor (0.29), which directly shows the performance of the former is better, there is room for improvement in structural design of the low-pressure rotor. Thus the direction of structural optimization was pointed out. The applications of SEAM shows that the method is operational and effective in the evaluation and improvement of structural design.     

长拉杆-止口连接弯曲刚度损失及对转子系统振动响应影响

航空燃气轮机为了实现高负荷、轻质化的追求,在转子结构设计中,趋向于提高转速和加大长径比。这使得转子系统弯曲模态临界转速降低,转子在工作转速范围内不可避免会产生一定的弯曲变形。转子弯曲变形会影响连接结构界面接触特性的变化,使其连接结构局部弯曲刚度产生损失。因此,对于工作转速靠近弯曲临界的高速转子系统,需要考虑连接结构界面接触状态变化对转子系统振动特性的影响。以高负荷的长拉杆-止口连接转子系统为对象,分析连接界面接触应力分布特性,提出连接结构弯曲刚度损失修正方法,以此为基础建立界面连接转子动力学模型。通过对止口连接三级轴流压气机转子结构动力学特性的仿真和试验研究表明,在靠近弯曲振型临界转速下,转子连接界面接触状态的变化会产生弯曲刚度损失,对转子动力学特性具有显著影响。     

Advanced optimization of gas turbine aero-engine transient performance using linkage-learning genetic algorithm: Part I,building blocks detection and optimization in runway

This paper proposes a Linkage Learning Genetic Algorithm (LLGA) based on the messy Genetic Algorithm (mGA) to optimize the Min-Max fuel controller performance in Gas Turbine Engine (GTE). For this purpose, a GTE fuel controller Simulink model based on the Min-Max selection strategy is firstly built. Then, the objective function that considers both performance indices (response time and fuel consumption) and penalty items (fluctuation, tracking error, overspeed and acceleration/deceleration) is established to quantify the controller performance. Next, the task to optimize the fuel controller is converted to find the optimization gains combination that could minimize the objective function while satisfying constraints and limitations. In order to reduce the optimization time and to avoid trapping in the local optimums, two kinds of building block detection methods including lower fitness value method and bigger fitness value change method are proposed to determine the most important bits which have more contribution on fitness value of the chromosomes. Then the procedures to apply LLGA in controller gains tuning are specified stepwise and the optimization results in runway condition are depicted subsequently. Finally, the comparison is made between the LLGA and the simple GA in GTE controller optimization to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results show that the LLGA method can get better solution than simple GA within the same iterations or optimization time. The extension applications of the LLGA method in other flight conditions and the complete flight mission simulation will be carried out in part II.     

泡状隔板对涡轮叶片内冷通道换热和流阻的影响

为增强涡轮叶片内部通道的换热、减小流动阻力,提出了一种新型的泡状隔板结构。通过实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,研究了等热流边界条件下泡状隔板结构的半径以及形状对通道换热和流阻特性的影响,并与直隔板进行对比,实验结果表明:在研究范围内,对称型泡状隔板结构能够大大减小通道流动阻力,随着泡状结构半径的增大,减阻效果增强;不对称型泡状隔板结构只在半径最大时能减小流动阻力;泡状结构对于换热的影响并不明显。实验结论可以为涡轮叶片内部冷却通道的优化设计提供理论依据。     

高速转子连接结构刚度损失及振动特性

高负荷航空发动机转子的转速和支点跨度不断加大,使得转子弯曲刚度下降,并在工作中具有一定弯曲变形。转子弯曲变形时,连接界面会存在刚度损失,需考虑转子弯曲变形对连接界面刚度特性及转子系统振动特性的影响。提出了定量描述连接界面刚度损失的力学模型,并针对非连续转子系统的动力学设计,提出了基于应变能分布优化的连接结构刚度损失抑制方法。数值仿真结果表明:转子弯曲变形下,连接界面刚度损失显著,会使转子弯曲临界转速大幅降低;通过转子应变能分布优化设计可有效降低连接界面刚度损失对转子系统振动特性的影响,对转子系统振动特性优化设计具有重要的指导意义。      

航空发动机排气温度基线建模新方法研究

为实现航空发动机气路性能诊断与预测,提出一种基于堆叠降噪自编码器(Stacked de?noising auto encoder,SDAE)和支持向量回归(Support vector regression,SVR)相结合的航空发动机排气温度(Exhaust gas temperature,EGT)基线建模方法.以CF...     

直升机中减飞溅润滑流场分析与优化方法

为探究某型直升机中间减速器飞溅润滑油-气两相流分布与参数优化方法,首先基于计算流体力学（CFD）思想建立了中减飞溅润滑数值计算模型;采用多相流（VOF）及动网格等模型计算获得了机匣内部的油液分布与导油管的润滑油流量;分析了浸油深度和输入转速对齿面与轴承（通过导油管的润滑油流量体现）润滑效果的影响规律。然后在直升机中减传动试验台上开展试验,验证仿真的可行性。结果显示：建议的中减浸油深度为17~26 mm、输入转速为4 000~6 000 r/min;试验测得4个导油管的润滑油流量趋势与CFD仿真计算结果一致,且有一个导油管收集不到润滑油,说明该导油管的结构不合理。     

涡轮叶片表面温度场及综合冷却效果试验研究

涡轮叶片温度场分布受到气膜孔排布方式和内冷通道的影响,涡轮叶片结构不同导致传热特性不同。为了更准确获得有气膜冷却条件下涡轮叶片综合传热特性,设计试验方法在叶片中截面采用埋入式热电偶测温,通过热电偶测温与红外测温结合获取更准确的温度场,展开试验研究获得了流量比、温比和落压比对叶片综合冷却效率的影响规律。